Cawdor Castle and Gardens
Sightseeing attraction | Nairn | Scotland | United Kingdom
Cawdor Castle and Gardens, near Nairn, Scotland, is one of the country's most famous and well-preserved medieval castles and a fascinating highlight in the Scottish Highlands. This historic estate, located about 16 kilometers east of Inverness, has been the family seat of the Thanes of Cawdor for over 600 years, now represented by the 7th Earl Cawdor, and remains a living home open to visitors. Surrounded by beautiful gardens and an extensive estate covering approximately 25 square kilometers, Cawdor Castle combines a rich history with a romantic aura, enhanced by its connection to Shakespeare's "Macbeth". It is a place that uniquely blends medieval architecture, Scottish culture, and the beauty of nature.
The history of Cawdor Castle dates back to the late 14th century, when the Calder family began construction of the original fortress around 1370. The central keep, or "keep", was likely built between 1370 and 1454 under William, the 1st Thane of Cawdor, after King James II granted him the title. A local legend states that the location of the castle was determined by a dream in which a donkey, laden with gold, chose the building site - a story supported by a thorn bush in the tower's basement, allegedly the tree where the donkey stopped. Over the centuries, the castle was expanded, especially in the 16th and 17th centuries, with wings added and defensive structures complemented by more comfortable living spaces. The Cawdor family played a significant role in Scottish history, although the connection to Shakespeare's "Macbeth" is more literary fiction than historical reality - Macbeth lived in the 11th century, long before the castle existed. Nevertheless, this association has solidified the castle's reputation as a mystical place.
Architecturally, Cawdor Castle is a masterpiece of medieval construction with later modifications. The central tower of gray stone rises over four stories and is surrounded by a moat, originally serving as a defense and now adding a picturesque touch. A drawbridge leads over the moat into the courtyard, flanked by walls with battlements. The interior combines the ruggedness of a fortress with the warmth of a family home: the Great Hall impresses with its stone walls and massive fireplace, while the Drawing Room and other living spaces are adorned with wood paneling, antique furniture, and tapestries reflecting the family's prosperity. A highlight is the Dungeon, a small room in the tower that supposedly served as a prison and is now accessible as part of the tour. The Yellow Room and Tapestry Bedroom showcase the family's personal touch with a collection of artwork and heirlooms, including portraits and historical documents.
The gardens of Cawdor Castle are equally impressive and consist of three distinct areas. The Walled Garden, the oldest of the gardens, dates back to the early 17th century and was redesigned in the 18th century by Hugh Rose. Today, it is a picturesque spot with rose beds, fruit trees, and a maze of yew hedges. The Flower Garden, laid out in a Victorian style, offers colorful flower beds and a peaceful atmosphere, while the Wild Garden presents a natural landscape with streams, wildflowers, and an enchanted forest of tall trees. These gardens are not only visually appealing but also provide a habitat for birds, butterflies, and other wildlife that enliven the estate.
For visitors, Cawdor Castle offers a rich experience. The castle can be partially toured, with public rooms equipped with a mix of medieval artifacts and family heirlooms telling the Cawdor family's story. Guided tours or information boards shed light on details such as the legend of the thorn bush or the family's role in the Highland clans. The gardens invite strolls, with paths leading through the different areas and offering spectacular views of the castle. A café in the former coach house serves homemade dishes like soups, scones, and sandwiches, while a shop offers local products, books, and souvenirs, including the famous Cawdor Tartan. For golf enthusiasts, there is a 9-hole golf course on the estate, and nature trails stretch into the surrounding woods, part of the larger Cawdor Estate.
The nature surrounding Cawdor Castle is another draw. The estate encompasses the Big Wood, one of Scotland's oldest mixed forests, over 1,000 years old and home to red deer, foxes, and a variety of bird species. The nearby River Findhorn flows through the land, contributing to the lush vegetation. Visitors appreciate the peaceful atmosphere, historical authenticity, and beauty of the gardens, though the limited accessibility of some castle areas - as it remains a private residence - is occasionally mentioned. The parking lot and paths are mostly accessible, although the gardens may be uneven in places.
Cawdor Castle and Gardens is more than just a castle - it is a living piece of Scottish history that combines the strength of the Highlands with the elegance of a family estate. The connection to Shakespeare's "Macbeth", the medieval architecture, and the magnificent gardens make it an unforgettable experience. Whether for a journey into the past, a walk through the gardens, or an immersion in Highland culture, Cawdor Castle offers a unique opportunity to discover the beauty and heritage of Scotland up close.
